The health of an individual is closely linked to his /her status in
the society. Women universally have a lower status. The society ascribes
different attitudes, feelings, values, behaviours and activities to the
two sexes. Women are seen only in their reproductive roles and their productive
roles are completely ignored. There is enough evidence to show that almost
all the women are economically active. However, majority of them work in
the unorganised sector and consequently get hardly any benefits made by
the provisions of the law. Women get less money for their work, get no
medical and other benefits that the employment rules provide. Women are
also not protected by the rules of working hours or the leave benefits.
Women have a double disadvantage because of these discriminations and also
because women bear a triple burden of reproduction, production and domestic
work. Each of these has its own problems and women having to perform all
three of them, besides being denied proper working conditions, has resulted
in a complex situation which is reflected in poor health for women.
.....for more
click here..
Source: Title:`Symposium on Women's Rights
at the Workplace: Emerging Challenges and Legal Interventions: Proceedings
and Select Papers/Presentations [CED Ref. B.A21b.B60]
Occupational and Environmental Health of Women
In 1973, WHO defined the Scope and Extent of Occupational Health Programmes
as follows:
1.To identify and bring under control at the workplace all chemical,
physical, mechanical, biological and
psychological agents that are known to be or suspected to be
hazardous.
2.To ensure that physical and mental demands imposed on people at work
by their respective jobs are
properly matched with their individual technical,
physiological and psychological capabilities, needs
and limitations.
3.To provide effective measures to protect those who are especially
vulnerable to adverse working
conditions and also to raise their level of resistance.
4.To discover and improve work situations that may contribute to the
ill health of workers in order to
ensure that burden of general illness in different
occupational groups is not increased over the
community level.
5.To educate management and workers to fulfil their responsibilities
relevant to health protection and
promotion.
6.To carry out in plant health programmes, dealing with man's total
health, which will assist public
health authorities to raise the level of community
health.
source: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/occupational.htm
Women are part and parcel of the labor force of the most menial and
often dangerous occupations in India. As such, they are at a high risk
of developing various occupational and environmental diseases. Higher mortality
and lower life expectancy have been observed among Indian women in many
different occupations. According to the 1991 census of India, out of the
total population of 838.6 million, 403.4 million were women. Approximately
23% of women work outside the home. Of these, 34.6% work in cultivation,
44.2% in agricultural labour, 5.9% in household industries, and 15.3% in
other professions. According to the Indian Ministry of Labor, in 1994 about
497,000 women worked in factories, 56,000 worked in mines, and 558,000
worked in plantation industries. Some of the occupational hazards women
face in major Indian industries are described below: click
here...
source: http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1996/104-3/focusindia.html
Stress at Workplace - Introduction
Stress at work is a relatively new phenomenon of modern lifestyles.
The nature of work has gone through drastic changes over the last
century and it is still changing at whirlwind speed. They have touched
almost all professions, starting from an artist to a surgeon, or a commercial
pilot to a sales executive. With change comes stress, inevitably.
Professional stress or job stress poses a threat to physical health. Work
related stress in the life of organized workers, consequently, affects
the health of organizations.
source: http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/stress-at-work.asp
Other articles on Women Worker's Health
Gender inequalities are the root of the problems women face in India
2002-01-24
The low status of women in India leads to lack of economic power, deprivation
of legal rights, ill health and the reproductive stress of producing
sons. It also makes women vulnerable to extensive prostitution and trafficking.
click for more...
Women and Work-Related
Health Problems
---Special Characterstics of Women & Work
---Health Problems Related to Women's Productive
Work
source: http://w3.whosea.org/women2/environ1.htm
Occupational Health Hazards of Health Workers
Occupational health of women - M. H. Fulekar, India
"Health may be defined as an adjustment of the individual to his/her
physical, mental and social environment rather than the absence of
disease." click
here ...
source: http://www.occuphealth.fi/e/info/asian/ap300/india06.htm
"A problem which is very difficult to quantify is the threat to
women's health, particularly their mental health from sexual harassment
they may suffer in the work environment " .Sexual
Harassment at Workplace
Source: Title:`Symposium on Women's Rights
at the Workplace: Emerging Challenges and Legal Interventions: Proceedings
and Select Papers/Presentations [CED Ref. B.A21b.B60]