Women Workers & Health Rights
 
OCCUPATIONAL AND HEALTH RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND LEGAL PROTECTION
-by  Malini Karkal

The health of an individual is closely linked to his /her status in the society. Women universally have a lower status. The society ascribes different attitudes, feelings, values, behaviours and activities to the two sexes. Women are seen only in their reproductive roles and their productive roles are completely ignored. There is enough evidence to show that almost all the women are economically active. However, majority of them work in the unorganised sector and consequently get hardly any benefits made by the provisions of the law. Women get less money for their work, get no medical and other benefits that the employment rules provide. Women are also not protected by the rules of working hours or the leave benefits. Women have a double disadvantage because of these discriminations and also because women bear a triple burden of reproduction, production and domestic work. Each of these has its own problems and women having to perform all three of them, besides being denied proper working conditions, has resulted in a complex situation which is reflected in poor health for women.
.....for more click here..
 
Source: Title:`Symposium on Women's Rights at the Workplace: Emerging Challenges and Legal Interventions: Proceedings and Select Papers/Presentations  [CED Ref. B.A21b.B60]
 
Occupational and Environmental Health of Women
In 1973, WHO defined the Scope and Extent of Occupational Health Programmes as follows:

1.To identify and bring under control at the workplace all chemical, physical, mechanical, biological and
  psychological agents that are known to be or suspected to be hazardous.

2.To ensure that physical and mental demands imposed on people at work by their respective jobs are
    properly matched with their individual technical, physiological and psychological capabilities, needs
    and limitations.

3.To provide effective measures to protect those who are especially vulnerable to adverse working
    conditions and also to raise their level of resistance.

4.To discover and improve work situations that may contribute to the ill health of workers in order to
    ensure that burden of general illness in different occupational groups is not increased over the
    community level.

5.To educate management and workers to fulfil their responsibilities relevant to health protection and
    promotion.

6.To carry out in plant health programmes, dealing with man's total health, which will assist public
    health authorities to raise the level of community health.

source: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/occupational.htm
 
Women are part and parcel of the labor force of the most menial and often dangerous occupations in India. As such, they are at a high risk of developing various occupational and environmental diseases. Higher mortality and lower life expectancy have been observed among Indian women in many different occupations. According to the 1991 census of India, out of the total population of 838.6 million, 403.4 million were women. Approximately 23% of women work outside the home. Of these, 34.6% work in cultivation, 44.2% in agricultural labour, 5.9% in household industries, and 15.3% in other professions. According to the Indian Ministry of Labor, in 1994 about 497,000 women worked in factories, 56,000 worked in mines, and 558,000 worked in plantation industries. Some of the occupational hazards women face in major Indian industries are described below: click here...

source: http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1996/104-3/focusindia.html

Stress at Workplace - Introduction
Stress at work is a relatively new phenomenon of modern lifestyles. The nature of work has gone through  drastic changes over the last century and it is still changing at whirlwind speed. They have touched  almost all professions, starting from an artist to a surgeon, or a commercial pilot to a sales executive. With  change comes stress, inevitably. Professional stress or job stress poses a threat to physical health. Work  related stress in the life of organized workers, consequently, affects the health of organizations.

source: http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/stress-at-work.asp
 
 Other articles on Women Worker's Health
Gender inequalities are the root of the problems women face in India 2002-01-24
The low status of women in India leads to lack of economic power, deprivation of  legal rights, ill health and the reproductive stress of producing sons. It also makes women vulnerable to extensive prostitution and trafficking. click for more...

Women and Work-Related Health Problems
    ---Special Characterstics of Women & Work
    ---Health Problems Related to Women's Productive Work

source: http://w3.whosea.org/women2/environ1.htm

Occupational Health Hazards of Health Workers

Occupational health of women - M. H. Fulekar, India
"Health may be defined as an adjustment of the individual to his/her physical, mental  and social environment rather than the absence of disease." click here ...

source: http://www.occuphealth.fi/e/info/asian/ap300/india06.htm

"A problem which is very difficult to quantify is the threat to women's health, particularly their mental health from sexual  harassment they may suffer in the work environment " .Sexual Harassment at Workplace
 
Source: Title:`Symposium on Women's Rights at the Workplace: Emerging Challenges and Legal Interventions: Proceedings and Select Papers/Presentations  [CED Ref. B.A21b.B60]